The Vietnam War: Defeating the US

The Vietnam War: Defeating the US Why did the Vietnam war happen? Why didnt we just back down?. I think that he United States could have won this war, with a mixture of better weapons usage, better moves, and better support from their home country, this could also have even been prevented. Before the war, Vietnam was a disputed territory. Many countries countrys in the past had taken Vietnam over, and after World War II, Vietnam was in the hands of France. Clearly, the Vietnamese wanted their own country, and their long history of being a colony prompted the oppressed people to fight for their independence in the French Indochina war. Ho Chi Minh, the leader of the Communist party, organized the Vietnamese independence movement, Viet Minh. Asked for support from America first, since that leader didnt want to use communism to free his people. The United States looked helping Ho Chi Minh gain his independence from France as a move against their own allies, they declined. It was only after Russia and China offered to help that Ho Chi Minh adopted communist ideals and wanted to make all of Vietnam communist. The Vietnam war started because communism was going to expand into Korea and eventually into other countrys. America didnt want that. If the United States had looked past its alliances and not helped another country gain its independence like we had gained ours so many years ago, this war would have been completely avoided. Unfortunately for the families of over 58, 000 soldiers, it wasnt. this began as early as 1954, the United States started sending financial and military aid to South Vietnam, hoping to stop the spread of communism. The flow of military advisors from 700 to over 14,000 built up steadily through John F Kennedys presidency, and after he was assassinated, Johnson escalated the war to the point of no return. American people were so scared of communism that they were willing to do anything to stop communism where it started. The people of the United States let Johnson build up a huge force in Vietnam, and he was also almost unanimously backed by congress. By the end of the war, Johnson was so ashamed that he didnt even try to run for reelection. If the Americans would have stopped and thought about wh at they were getting themselves into and not jumping right into it, we would be ok. In 1964, the event that all war hawks wanted happened. In the Gulf of Ton kin, several Viet Cong torpedo boats reportedly fired on a U.S. vessel. Even though the American ship sustained no damages, Johnson drafted the Gulf of Ton kin Resolution, which authorized him to use any force necessary to beat back the North Vietnamese. Congress never declared war or even directly authorized troops, but Johnson somehow got to declare it. Early in the War At first, Johnson didnt let the problem go into the air, because he was hoping to destroy Viet Cong. He used planes such as the B-52 bomber and the F-4 Phantom to try to win the war as quickly as possible. Unfortunately, the United States air power had many shortcomings. The F-4 Phantom was the latest and best technology out there during Vietnam War. Manufactured by McDonnell-Douglas, this plane was capable of multiple roles, as a dogfighter, bomber, recon, and support aircraft. But, the F-4 had its some problems. First, the engineers who desi gned it did not mount any type of gun on the F-4A through the F-4D, thinking that the Phantoms frightening compliment of missiles could take out any enemy threat. This wasnt the smarted move. Not having a gun made the dog-fighting role of the Phantom extremely hard, because the AIM-9 and AIM-7 missiles were not as effective at closer ranges against the enemy MIGs. Only after almost 2 years was the F-4E Phantom fitted with a 6-barrell gatling gun. Also, many pilots were not trained very well, only having 6 weeks of training as opposed to the normal 1-year. The B-52 Stratofortress was the largest bomber ever made at that time. We should have used it wisely There were also negative sides to the use of the B-52. During World War II, the allies could depend on destroying the industry of their enemy, eventually destroying its fighting power. The VC did not count on industry and big guns, but guerrilla tactics and small arms weapons. The U.S. also thought by using a lot of bombs and by using napalm, the enemy would be scared and finally give up. Both of tactics proved to be wrong. The bombings got the enemy angry and brought the North Vietnamese closer together, instead of its actual goal. Napalm was also bad mistake. By using a flammable jelly which consisted of gasoline and some other chemical to make it think, they burned up all of North Vietnam, the United States not only killed more people than enemies, but also made people think was this the right thing to do? Anything that Napalm touched burned for up to a week. Another type of bomb was dropped by the B-52s, this one containing a large amount of the deadly gas, Agent Orange. Millions of acres of jungle were destroyed and even more fields and paddies were poisoned. South Vietnamese farmers complained about the effect Agent Orange had on their rice paddies. Agent Orange was supposed to eliminate the Viet Cong s advantages of there hiding places, but it only turned the people we were fighting for against us even more. Agent Orange also hurt us to, many of the Veterans ended up getting sick, like cancer and other deadly sicknesses. The use of Agent Orange was perhaps one of the worst mistakes made in Vietnam. If we just thought ahead, and figuring out the consequences of using weapons such as napalm and Agent Orange, the U.S. could have won the Vietnam War, mostly through the use of air power. During the Vietnam War we dropped more bombs than in any other war, this would make you think that we should win because its easy. Sadly, ethical problems and lack of planning made it impossible to settle the war in the air, making the U.S. invade with ground forces. President Johnson chose General William C. Westmoreland to command the land forces. Westmoreland commanded over 500,300 troops at the high point of the war, and was still unable to defeat the Viet Cong. But there were many factors that contributed to our shocking defeat on the ground in Vietnam. The first and foremost was the difference in tactics. The Viet Cong was ruthless soldiers, who, even though sometimes poorly trained, fought with a lot of drive and pride. The Viet Cong used something called guerrilla tactics. They would get children, to join use babys as bait for booby traps, and other unethical things. These were a few deaths that the U.S. soldiers had. Also on the tactics side, the entire U.S. consisted of sea rch and destroy missions. Search and destroy missions involved a group patrol, (usually 15-30 soldiers), going out of the home territory and finding and killing the enemy. Unfortunately, the booby traps placed by the Viet Cong and the fact that they knew the land meant that they could hide well. They took advantage of that and so U.S. soldiers died a lot from that. If the United States only thought about what they were getting them selves into and realized the consequences then they would have probably not gotten involved. Either way I do believe that if we didnt help out the other country that, they would try to get back at us in a some way. But the amount of people that died, and the amount that got sick was really just unnecessary. But since we did get involved we should have just stuck with fighting in the air. That was our strength at the time and we should have taken advantage of it. Compassion in Medicine | Reflective Essay Compassion in Medicine | Reflective Essay Advancements in medical technology have given rise to medicalization, a process where ‘non-medical’ problems have become understood and treated as ‘medical’ issues.1 This potentially objectifies humans, leading to â€Å"deindividuation†2, where doctors identify patients by their disease or procedure. The distancing of doctor-patient relationships have been worsened by limited doctor-patient interactions.3 Humanization of medicine is critical to ensure patients receive adequate care because they are reliant on the doctors competence and good will.4 This is where the BH1002 module contributes to my development as a good doctor. It increases my awareness of patients’ needs and the complexities of the healthcare system. The essence of this module is encapsulated in three learning points: a) Professionalism; b) Communication in Doctor-patient relationships; and c) Patient safety. My role as a future doctor is to heal. Professionalism exemplifies the contract between society and medicine as it is the foundation of doctor-patient trust.5 In the BH1002 tutorials, I was exposed to three fundamental principles of professionalism, namely, the primacy of patient welfare, patient autonomy and social justice. Professionalism requires honesty with patients, empowering them to make informed medical decisions; it requires trust and having patients’ interests at heart; it involves equal distribution of healthcare resources to all patients.5 In my opinion, medical professionalism involves demonstrating humility and compassion. Modern medicine has established a culture defined by entitlement and conceit, and humility indicates weakness or false modesty.6 Having the confidence to tackle my insecurities is paramount to my development as a doctor. However, I am aware that self-confidence can develop into overconfidence as my level of clinical knowledge and skills increases. It can cause me to overestimate my capabilities, breeding incompetency and arrogance. As a future doctor, I strive to remain grounded and be accountable for my blunders. I will avoid finger-pointing when mistakes occur. Being humble makes me mindful of the limits of my knowledge, allowing me to recognize opportunities for improvement. I will consider things from my patient’s perspective, prioritizing the well-being of my patients. Humility and confidence are not mutually exclusive.7 To strike a balance, I will constantly evaluate myself in clinical encounters. Through introspection, I can work towards being a more gracious person. I understand that when I am tired, I may have a temporary lapse in humility and be rude to someone. In response, I will take time to apologize sincerely, fostering better work dynamics in the medical setting. Compassion is an important aspect of medical professionalism. It involves both empathy and the desire to improve the current situation. The Society for General Internal Medicine describes empathy as â€Å"the act of correctly acknowledging the emotional state of another without experiencing that state oneself.†8 In this module, I was taught to strive for detachment with my patients to ensure that my feelings do not hinder the quality of care I provide.8 Nonetheless, it is essential to be sufficiently vulnerable to my patient’s suffering. When my attention is focused on my patients, they will be able to feel that I care. In contrast, being emotionally-detached could be interpreted as being indifferent, increasing their suffering due to the lack of understanding. A study on the effect of forty seconds of compassion on patient anxiety noted, â€Å"The enhanced compassion segment was †¦ effective in decreasing viewers anxiety†9. Compassion builds trust between the doctor and patients, encouraging them to recall and disclose significant details about their conditions.8 Increased awareness of the patient’s situation allows for more accurate diagnosis and effective personalization of treatments, improving the quality of care.8 Patient satisfaction is increased, enhancing the doctor-patient relationship. I strive to exhibit medical professionalism by being compassionate. As a future doctor, I am responsible for the welfare of my patients. Having compassion will make me attentive to their needs. I can understand the situation from their perspective, and think about how I can ease their suffering. Consequently, my patients will not have to face their difficulties alone. The doctor-patient relationship is a keystone of care. Built on trust and compliance, it exists when a doctor serves a patient’s medical needs, providing support and healing.10 There were two key reasons taught on why effective communication is crucial: a) provision of quality care; and b) medicine adherence. I believe patients benefit most when there is mutual trust and respect – doctors set aside time to listen to their patients; patients provide information about their medical condition to the best of their ability and comply with prescriptions. This can only be achieved with effective communication. In the provision of better healthcare, it is important to focus on the medical interview between the doctor and patient. This is the main medium through which doctors gather information about the patient, make diagnoses and develop the doctor-patient relationship.3 During the tutorials, I was introduced to a famous painting, The Doctor by Fildes. The painting exemplifies the qualities of an ideal doctor. Despite the inadequacy of medical technology, and thus inability to save the patient, he remains by the patient’s bedside, providing reassurance through his presence. This is a huge contrast with the modern physician, who, because of the large number of patients to see every day11, is often unable to set aside time to stay by the patient’s side. In his book, Being Mortal: Medicine and What Matters in the End, Gawande laments the deterioration of care in the medical setting. He attributes it to the shift in focus to curing diseases quickly using modern technology, highlighting that â€Å"fast, solution-oriented care accounts for approximately one-quarter of Medicare expenditures†11. Moreover, the time spent on write-ups is threefold the time spent in direct contact with the patient12. This means that little time is spent on communication with the patient. For this reason, patients feel neglected and even more miserable when doctors are unable to listen to their emotional needs and address their concerns. What I wanted †¦ was a doctor †¦ who understood that a conversation was as important as a prescription; a doctor to whom healing mattered as much as state-of-the-art surgery did. What I was looking for †¦ was a doctor who is able to slow down, aware of the dividends not just for patients but for herself and for the system.11 In the introduction to the course, I was taught that doctors have an ethical obligation to prioritize the best interests of the patient. This means alleviating their suffering and minimizing patient dissatisfaction. When doctors take the time to listen carefully, the quality of information obtained increases, enabling a more accurate diagnosis to be made.3 In mastering communication skills, I can clearly explain my patient’s situation, preventing misunderstandings that may occur due to the lack of understanding of â€Å"basic health ideas, medical terms or medical information†13. I can provide emotional reassurance to those involved, facilitating the process of healing and enhancing the doctor-patient relationship. Medicine adherence refers to whether patients follow the agreed recommendations and whether they take their medication for the entire duration.14 Effective communication is the major determinant of compliance.15 Doctors struggle with communicating information effectively, as seen in a study that reported, â€Å"40-80 percent of the medical information patients receive is forgotten immediately and nearly half of the information retained is incorrect†15. In this module, I was taught the teach-back method to improve medicine adherence, which relies heavily on communicating information to patients in a way that is easily understood. In teach-back, patients are asked to describe the information taught. This involves them in prescription decisions and serves as confirmation that they understand what has been explained, such as the prescribed dosage of their medication. Patients can then make informed decisions regarding their use of medicines. By engaging patients in their care, they are more likely to comply with the prescriptions, leading to a higher quality of life and higher satisfaction.14 As a future doctor, I strongly believe that patients have a right to make decisions in regard to their health. This means that if patients refuse to take the prescribed treatment, that choice must be an informed one; if they accept the recommendation, I am responsible for facilitating the appropriate adherence to optimize the efficacy of treatment and reduce risk of side effects. Using what I learnt, as well as the â€Å"SPIKES† model detailed in WHO Multi-professional Patient Safety Curriculum Guide16, I will provide uninterrupted time for patients to share their concerns and ask questions about their conditions. This will help me understand my patients’ beliefs and assure them that I am listening. After which, I will provide the necessary information, in a comprehensive manner, using the teach-back method to check their understanding. This will facilitate shared-decision making, where patients can effectively voice concerns about aspects of the treatment they disagree with. This allows me to tackle the issue of limited health literacy of patients and negotiate a treatment they are agreeable with. A large proportion of the BH1002 module was spent discussing patient safety. I was exposed to the idea of human limits and reasons why healthcare systems fail. My greatest takeaway was being constantly reminded that doctors are not infallible. In fact, great doctors are people who expect errors to occur and take measures to prevent them before these errors can happen. Humans have limitations that can predispose them to error. Through the lectures, I learnt about memory constraints, confirmation bias in perception and selective vision. The recalled memory is reconstructed, changing according to what we perceive; we tend to seek evidence to support our decisions, even if the decision may not be correct; we do not notice when something unexpected enters our field of vision, especially when we are focused on something else. These cause difficulty multi-tasking and recalling detailed information quickly15, creating room for error. Now that I am aware of these limits, I will put in greater effort to reduce the impact human limits have on my patients’ health. I will use writing aids, noting important information immediately, reducing the reliance on human memory. This also removes the uncertainty that I could have remembered the wrong details. I believe this habit needs to be cultivated while I am a medical student. Therefore, I have begun with the lectures I attend, jotting down points raised by lecturers and reviewing them for greater understanding of the content taught. To reduce the risk of confirmation bias, I will make sure to gather information from reliable sources, analyze the data carefully before reaching a conclusion, instead of drawing a conclusion before finding evidence that tally with my opinion. In a medical practice study conducted in 2000, To Err Is Human: Building a Safer Health System, it is emphasized that to assure patients that they are safe from accidental injury, concerted effort by all professionals is required to â€Å"break down traditional clinical boundaries, the culture of blame, and systematically design safety into processes of care†.17 There are several reasons why healthcare systems fail. First would be the traditional intolerance for error in the medical setting. Doctors are held personally accountable even if the error was systems-based and beyond their control. The medical culture of blaming encourages doctors to underreport errors out of fear of disciplinary measures.18 The BH1002 module taught the importance of sharing the burden of guilt. If a doctor makes a mistake, sharing creates opportunities for everyone to review the problem objectively. Improvements can then be made to existing systems to prevent a repeat of the same mistake. I learnt about the â€Å"Swiss cheese model of system accidents†. This model compares the different levels on which mistakes occur with slices of cheese. Each slice represents a layer of defense against potential errors. In the real world, each slice has holes in different places, each representing a loophole. A catastrophe will occur when the holes align to permit an opportunity for accidents, directly bringing patients in contact with hazards.19 These lapses in defense arise from two types of errors. Active errors are unsafe behaviors committed by people that lead directly to a given error. Latent errors are errors that remain dormant in the system until ‘triggered’ by other events. These occur further away from the action itself, such as flaws in the healthcare organization or faults in the equipment used. Active errors are often unpredictable whereas latent errors can be prevented. The persons-approach, which focuses solely on active errors and individual blame, is therefore of limited benefit because it deals with errors only after they occur. In contrast, the systems-approach revolves around the idea that errors are to be expected and designs a resilient system to reduce the risk of incidence of error before it happens. The systems-approach is important to my development as a good doctor. It reminds me of the need to adhere to standard operating procedures in the medical setting. Simple practices such as hand hygiene can reduce the risk of spreading infections among patients. I understand that patient handovers are an integral part of the healthcare system. There are an average of 50-100 steps between the doctor’s decision to order a medicine and the delivery of the medicine to the patient, causing an overall 39% chance of error.20 I will do my part by making my case notes comprehensible and legible to prevent miscommunication between doctors. I will clarify expectations before undertaking any tasks and consult my superiors should I be unsure of any issues. When reporting critical laboratory results, I will use the read-back method, noting and correcting any discrepancies to ensure the relayed information is accurate. This will reduce the risk of harm brought to the patient. The healthcare environment is a very complicated one. In the beginning, I was fearful of the rigid and complicated hierarchies that exist. The BH1002 module has equipped me with the necessary knowledge of what it takes to be a good doctor, as well as how I can understand my patients better and ensure their safety. I believe being accountable for my actions is the best way to exhibit professionalism and help people. I look forward to overcoming the trials I will face as a doctor. I hope to become a doctor who can serve my patients and peers well, by providing quality care and becoming a pillar of support.

Privilege: Race and White Supremacy

As a Latina that I am I was brought to the united states by the myth of the American Dream, hoping to find equality, freedom and opportunity. Becoming an American requires that immigrants like me take a new identity, to be able to be equally treated as members of the white community with all rights, responsibilities, and opportunities that American citizens have and when I mean American people I mean white people. The myth of the American Dream then falls flat on my face because it lies when it says that Americans are â€Å"equally created. Once I came into this country I came across the reality that in fact we are created equal but yet we are not the same because our skin color is not â€Å"white† and we have distinct physical characteristics. Life experiences made me ask, What does it mean to be white? , What is white privilege? , and what is white supremacy? And I came to a conclusion that white privilege and white supremacy can be described as a right or protection grante d essay writer needed, advantage or favor to whites and the ability to take advantage of people that belong to minorities.White privilege means more opportunities to whites rather than to people that actually need it; white privilege is also invisible to whites but not to minorities that have been oppressed throughout the years. The article â€Å"Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege† by Pem Davidson Buck explains on the ideas behind white privilege and how it is created perfectly. It begins with the idea behind constructing race and keeping racial categories separate. It then gets into the privileges white people have such as the right to bear arms, own livestock, and even the right to beat any blacks.Buick writes, â€Å"More pain could be inflected on blacks than on whites. Whites alone could bear arms; Whites alone had the right to self-defense† (34). Meaning that if a white person hits you for no reason then you were not allowed to defend yourself just becaus e you were â€Å"black,† but what if the white men was beating you to death, could you defend yourself? , no, because you were black. Nothing has change even today white still think they have the right to humiliate you because they think they are better than you.I work at a grocery store and I always have to take the humiliation specially from white customers, because people personally ask me if I speak English or they let me know that I shouldn’t be working there because this is a white people store, I am not allowed to defend myself because I will get fire, just like African Americans were not allowed to defend themselves because otherwise they will get bit up by their owner. This article ends with psychological wage and how whites are treated differently in places of business. This sense of superiority allowed struggling northern whites to look down their noses at free blacks and at recent immigrants particularly the Irish. This version of whiteness was supposed to make up for their otherwise difficult situation providing them with a ‘psychological wage’ instead of cash- a bit like being employee of the month and given a special parking place instead of a raise†(Buck. Pg. 35). This also meant that the poor whites helped by supporting the unfair system and made it easier for the rich whites to have control over the labor force and economy.Therefore, the psychological wage â€Å"paid† the poor whites because it made them feel as if being white was a privilege; it was a reward to be white and it made them look down on blacks, Indians and other minorities. On the other hand minorities were not paid because white people did not want to pay them instead they would just give them something such as ‘employee of the month’ to make them think that they were important. I believe this country is one of the riches because oppressors were always living off African Americans and other minorities’ hard work instea d of giving them what they deserve.This reading hits great points on the differences seen between whites and blacks and the differences on how they are treated. Not enough with mistreating them and not giving them the right to get a wage they also take advantage by passing laws that will make minorities sink , stay uneducated and do not let them progress. There is a stereotypical view that underprivileged minorities are sometimes considered uneducated. This lack of minorities’ education is not our fault, but the fault of unlikely outside powers such as white supremacy.Consequently there is some truth to this specific label, but the minorities are not to blame for lack of education we did not choose to be poor we were forced to be poor and stay at the bottom of the ladder. Few opportunities are given to us, starting with housing then leading to schools which would then affect our education. This all started with our Federal Housing Agency or the FHA. In the reading The Possess ive Investment in Whiteness the author George Lipsitz puts extensive research into how the FHA started and how its agency ties into minorities receiving loans or the lack of.In 1934 the FHA was provided from the government who then gave the agency’s power to private home lenders, and this is when racial biasness came into place through selective home loans. Lipsitz says, â€Å"the Federal Housing Agency’s confidential surveys and appraiser’s manuals channeled almost all of the loan money toward whites and away from communities of color† (pg. 74). These surveys were conducted by the private lenders who had free supremacy to prove the loans to whomever they want.Because the minorities did not get a chance to receive the FHA loans that they needed, they are then forced to live in urban areas. This is one of the reasons why people stay segregated because on one side of town you have the minorities living in the poorest side and on the other side you have the wealthiest, which are mainly white people. If we take a look at global segregation, the third world countries are mainly non-white ethnicity for example Haiti is a third world country that does not progress because the United States (one of the riches country) does not let that country progress.White supremacy is lead by the tought that white people do not think of themselves as a race because that would bring them down and think that they are ‘inferior’. In the article â€Å"Failing to See† by Harlon Dalton, he suggests that most white people tend to see themselves in racial terms. Dalton writes â€Å" The emergence in the 1980smof the term ‘African American’ was meant to supply a label for our ethnicity that is distinct from the one used for race. Most people, however, continue to use the term ‘black’ to refer to both. White’ on the other hand refers only to race. It has no particular content† (pg. 17). In my opinion Dalt on is referring to the circumstance that white people don't see themselves as a race because their race has never been an issue in their lives. For example a white person has to go through the pain of not getting a job because of their racial identity on the other hand a person who belongs to a minority race that of African American or Latino decent they do get rejected from jobs just because they either look â€Å"black† or â€Å"brown†.Most white people never associate whiteness as race because they were taught to label others and not themselves cause if they label others as raced they themselves cannot be a part of that group. Teaching with people to not label themselves is one of the lessons thought by their ancestors in addition to the lessons of hating other people outside their with circle. In the book Killers of the Dream by Lillian Smith the author writes about the way she was brought up, the lessons she was thought. The book starts off with the author remembe ring a childhood incident with her parents that made her onder about the hypocrisy she has been raised by in the Southern way of life. â€Å" A little white girl was found in the colored section of our town, living with a Negro family in a broken-down shack† (Smith pg. 34-35). Her mother’s friend believed that the girl was kidnapped and the little girl ends up living at the Smith’s house for a few weeks. The author quickly becomes friends with this girl-Janie, until her mother tells Lillian that Janie is in fact a black girl and cannot live in their home anymore. Moreover, her mother informs Lillian that she is too young to understand why, and she should not ever ask about this subject again.Lillian now had to explain to Janie that colored children should not live with white children. This was one of the lessons her parents thought Lillian; Smith also explains the parents’ mentality towards their children and how they are raised. Those parents enforce the ir children into believing that sexual desires, and all the parts of their bodies that cause these sexual desires, are shameful and should be feared; including their fear for black people. In the reading The Lessons, Smith writes, â€Å"Our first lesson about God made the deepest impression on us.We were told that He loved us, and then we were told that He would burn us in everlasting flames of hell if we displeased Him. We were told we should love Him for He gives us everything good that we have, and then we were told that we should fear Him because He has the power to do evil to us whenever He cares to. We learned from this part of the lesson another: that â€Å"people,† like God and parents, can love you and hate you at the same time; and though they may love you, if you displease them they may do you great injury† (pg. 5). Smith is trying to explain the confusion that society creates because in one hand society teaches us that we should be treated the same because we are all humans, but on the other hand whites are better than any other person because their color is better and they are better overall. There is a contradiction in what our society teaches us. The ironic part of all is that not only white parents thought that being around black people was bad; black people also knew that being around white people was a bad social behavior.In â€Å"The Ethics of Living Jim Crow: An Autobiographical Sketch† a reading by Richard Wright, is a chapter about his life growing up in the segregated south. He remembers what his mother tells him about the differences between whites and blacks. His mother teaches her son not to fight the white man and beat her son when a broken milk bottle, thrown by a white kid, hits him. She taught him that blacks belonged in their place and whites had their own, informing him that he did not mix with the whites. Just like how Lillian was tought to not mix with black people.From here on out Richard Wright lived in fear of the whites and he would soon learn why his mother wished him to feel this way. When Richard went to get a job he remembered his mother’s word and talked to his white boss with the utmost respect using â€Å"yessirs† and â€Å"nosirs†. Despite his respectfulness to the white man, his boss penalized him for wanting to learn and asked him if he thought he was ‘white’. Richard witnesses countless â€Å"Jim Crow† racism throughout his life all so the white man could feel superior to him and his race.At one point he witnesses his boss and twelve year old son beat a black woman and when she ran to a white cop he accused her of being drunk. Richard was searched for being in a white neighborhood, cursed for looking at an attractive white woman, and was forced to falsify a white man’s signature to receive books from the library. In my opinion the white man treated this boy in a bad way because his white privilege gave him the authority t o do so his whiteness served the men as a protection. Going back to what Richards mother was telling him that he was unequal to whites probably saved his life.Before he knew this he would partake in fights with white kids throwing black cinders as they returned fire with bottles. When he got hit with one of these bottles and told his mother of the happened she beat him for fighting with whites. Though terrible this was an important lesson for young Richard who would encounter racism for the rest of his life, racism that if he didn’t listen to his mother could have got him killed. Nowadays if someone’s mother tells him or her at an early age that they are unequal to others because you look different could scar that person for life.Those words could lower someone’s self-esteem and mental state that they would be in and out psychologist’s offices for a very long time. But What if more black mothers taught their sons and daughters to fight back against oppres sion? Could they have made a difference? Possibly, but southern whites would do all they could in order to keep blacks as inferiors. Though eventually blacks did take this stand it took them along time to end segregation and receive more rights.Maybe if boys like Richard were taught to fight they could have changed things earlier, but this would not come without consequences. Groups like the KKK would murder many blacks and without the significance of media to open the eyes of many white in the north it would be an extreme struggle. Believing in equality maintains inequality. If we let people brainwash us by letting us think that we are all equal we are contributing to white supremacy. Instead of contributing to white supremacy let’s contribute to end it.I know that white supremacy will not end from one day to another but we as a society should be able to start changing this dilemma. Works Cited Smith, Lillian. â€Å"When I Was a Child. † Killers of The Dream. Margaret Rose Gladney. W. W. Norton ;Company. New York: 1994. 34-35. Smith, Lillian. â€Å"The Lessons. † Killers of The Dream. Margaret Rose Gladney. W. W. Norton ;Company. New York: 1994. 85. Buck, Davidson Buck. â€Å"Constructing Race, Creating White Privilege†. Race, Class, and Gender In The United States. The Possessive Investment in Whiteness by

What You Dont Know About Informative Explanatory Essay Samples 7th Grade May Shock You

What You Don't Know About Informative Explanatory Essay Samples 7th Grade May Shock You Here's What I Know About Informative Explanatory Essay Samples 7th Grade As you're most likely already aware, it's quite rare to get a totally open-ended expository essay assignment. After all crucial preparations and revision you might be sure your essay is nicely completed. Expository essays supply better comprehension of a specific topic. Pick the one which you liek to compose a great expository essay! There are several methods about how to compose an expository essay. Although this strategy is definitely acceptable, you are going to want to consult your professor as to whether you need to use sources to support your explanatory how-to essay. The outline will function as a blueprint for your true essay. The case of explanatory essay given is merely one of many which are available. It's defined as the absolute most basic kind of essay. Maybe you've written this kind of essay before. 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Whatever They Told You About Informative Explanatory Essay Samples 7th Grade Is Dead Wrong...And Here's Why The conclusion of essay, that's the previous part, should become your opportunity to create your readers understand the entire point of your topic. You're not writing a report about it. To start with, you should secure the significance of the expository essay definition and pick the topic you understand well or at least find it interesting to find out more about. Therefore, if you'd like to have nontrivial expository essay topic that demands thorough research, choose something which refers to a technological region of study. An expository essay offers thorough explanation of a topic (within this article the paper is going to be based on facts about fear) by way of factual data. Make sure your thesis is ideal for the guidelines of the assignment. Since the thesis statement drives the remainder of the paper, it's important it can be easily supported with facts. If your thesis statement includes several elements, you should evaluate every one of them in another paragraph. Informative Explanatory Essay Samples 7th Grade Can Be Fun for Everyone As with any other fundamental skill, it has to be constantly practiced in order to keep and improve it. Don't forget, though you might not be crafting the upcoming great novel, you are trying to leave an enduring impression on the folks evaluating your essay. Do not enable the fancy words fool you it's probable that you've already written one without even being aware of it! Spend some time considering the objective of your writing. Rather than attempting to solve the issue, this type of paper explores the different perspectives of the issue and seeks to understand the cultural and social context of the problem. Exploratory essays are written with the sole intent of informing and also providing the most suitable answer or a remedy to a problem. 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You'll receive examples, advice, and strategies, so that if you're finished, you have a last essay that's practically perfect in every manner. Get the Scoop on Informative Explanatory Essay Samples 7th Grade Before You're Too Late The capability to share something from your head is absolutely a plausible act. The majority of the moment, students are requ ested to write argument papers that present a specific point of view and try to persuade the audience. Explain your interest in a specific career. Who Else Wants to Learn About Informative Explanatory Essay Samples 7th Grade? After the undertaking is to compose an expository essay for school, first thing an individual should bear in mind is the essence of the undertaking. Many times, individuals become excited over adding new info, making a messy paper free of direction, so cut down should you need to. After you find something which interests you then you may research just that particular topic to learn more details. 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The Effects Of Extreme Abuse And Neglect Is The...

Scope of Problem According to Hussey et al (2006), it is estimated that one million children are victims of abuse and neglect on a yearly basis. Of those one million children, 1500 will die due to abuse or neglect. It is also estimated that 50% of adolescents have experienced or witnessed a traumatic event (De Arellano and Danielson 2008). One particular consequence of extreme abuse and neglect is the development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Symptoms of PTSD include persistent and recurrent invasive thoughts focused around the traumatic event, avoidance of symbolic representations related to the traumatic event, increased arousal including difficulties sleeping, irritability, concentration challenges, hypervigilance, increased†¦show more content†¦Treatment Methods According to Greyber, L. , Dulmus, C. , Cristalli, M. (2012) the most used intervention for PTSD in adolescents is Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy (TF-CBT). Trauma Focused Cognitive Behavior Therapy address trauma by focusing on relaxation training such as deep breathing and muscle relaxation skills, emotion regulation (identifying feelings), a trauma narrative and processing (discussing the overwhelming events and associated feelings), as well as cognitive coping strategies (identifying and replacing negative thoughts) Cohen, J. A.; Mannarino, A. P.; Perel, J. M.; Staron, V. (2007). Since being introduced in 1987, EMDR is the most commonly utilized with patients experiencing PTSD or other anxiety disorder. EMDR is considered a form of exposure therapy characterized by the integration of visualization, desensitization, and reprocessing Greyber, L. , Dulmus, C. , Cristalli, M. (2012). Originally designed for adult patients, EMDR protocol has been adapted for children who suffered trauma including PTSD with mixed results. Sampling: In Greyber, L. , Dulmus, C. , Cristalli, M. (2012) article, it indicated that the sample size consisted of 59 children participates ages 6-16. Non-Probability sampling was used in this study, as most of the children sampled were referred from a child psychiatric outpatient clinic. According to Rubin and Babbie (2014), this type of convenience or purposive sampling is the

Effects of Technology in Digital Nation - 541 Words

The film â€Å" Digital Nation† is an exploration of diverse peoples views on digital media, in todays world. Some of the most important topics were on the virtual world, and the pros and cons of technology within different groups like gamers, students, families, teachers, administrators, children, military and businesses, as well as the experience of general people. In the movie, Prof. Sherry Turkle said, â€Å"Technology challenges us to assert our human values. Technology is not good or bad, is powerful, and it is complicated which means first we have to figure out what they are†. Currently, technology has taken over, wherever one, goes one will find it. Over the past years, social media in particular have spread worldwide; from Facebook to Instagram. There is constantly something new, extra advanced and creative. Overall, the technology has evolved the way humans interact with each other. In particular, technology influences by motivating students towards learning, saving time, building literacy and communication skills. As shown in the film, a middle school in New York, which was at risk of being closed by the city because poor academic performance of the school had students who lacked interest in studying until a new principle allowed them to use computers as a tool for education. Therefore, the students were fascinated to learn which increase their percentage in Math from the previous one. Including, a change in their behavior like fewer fights, and higher attendance.Show MoreRelatedEffect of Technology on Students with the Film, Digital Nation560 Words   |  2 PagesThe film â€Å"Digital Nation† explored defining space in the new digital world. It talked about the virtual world, pros and cons of technology for different groups like gamers, students, families, teachers, administrators, children, military and businesses further the experience of common people. 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The digital divide marks the gap between those who have access and utilize Information communication technologies and those who lack access or ability (reference). Causes for this division have traditionally stemmed through economic circumstance. Due to the existing disproportions between countries economic situations, a large global dimension exists within the digital divideRead More Access to Information - The Widening Gap Essay example1268 Words   |  6 PagesWidening Gap The â€Å"Digital Divide† is a buzz phrase heard today in North America. It refers to the growing divide between people who have and do not have access to information specifically via the internet. There are various forms of digital divides but the one that is the most despair is the global digital divide between industrialized countries and developing nations. Optimists feel that the internet and information it carries brings potential to societies of developing nations but pessimists feelRead MoreMethods For Overcoming Resistance To Change In Digital Transformation In Healthcare Organizations703 Words   |  3 PagesInterest Topics: 1. Methods for Overcoming Resistance to Change in Digital Transformation in Healthcare Organizations 2. Evaluating Leadership Standards in Digital Transformation for Telehealth Projects in the USA Healthcare System 3. Define, Measure and Analyze the Digital Transformation Impact Factors to Develop Telehealth Services and Provide Improvement and Control Solution in the USA Healthcare Organizations 4. 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A strong representationRead MoreInternational Medias Influence On Modern Society1066 Words   |  5 PagesInternational media has had a large effect on countries all over the world. Western nations dominate the media industry, forcing their values and ideals onto developing nations. Whether or not these developing nations are homogenized or react to the forces laid upon them depends on the control of their government and their traditional values. Homogenization refers to the norming of a local, or native, culture by the invasion of a more dominant culture. Many different factors play into whether orRead MoreNegative Effects Of Digital Appliances1236 Words   |  5 Pages Negative Effects of Digital Appliances Digital appliances have rapidly taken over everything people do from communication to planning events, and consumers do not always understand the negative effects. The negative effects include a lack of social and educational development in a child. 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Night World Witchlight Chapter 8 Free Essays

string(51) " He was focusing on the same danger spots she was\." Keller was tempted to check the wards, but she knew it wouldn’t do any good. She wasn’t sensitive enough to the witch energies to gauge them. They’d been put up by Grandma Harman and checked by Winnie, and she would have to trust to that. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Witchlight Chapter 8 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The wards were keyed so that only the Dominick family and ordinary humans could come inside. No Night Person could enter except Nissa, Winnie, Keller, and Galen. Which meant, Keller thought with a grim smile, that any lost witch relatives of Iliana’s mother who came by were going to get quite a surprise. An invisible wall was going to be blocking them from crossing the threshold. As long as nobody on the inside removed the wards, the house was safer than Fort Knox. Grandma Harman had also taken the limo, Keller found. Sometime during the night, it had been replaced by an inconspicuous Ford sedan parked at the curb. The keys had been in a manila envelope dropped through the mail slot in the front door, along with a map of Lucy Lee Bethea High School. Circle Daybreak was efficient. â€Å"I didn’t finish my hair,† Iliana complained as Nissa hustled her to the car. â€Å"It’s only half done.† â€Å"It looks terrific,† Winnie said from behind her. And the thing was, it was true. There was nothing that could make that shimmering waterfall of silvery-gold look anything less than beautiful. Whether it was up or down, braided or pinned or falling loose, it was glorious. I don’t even think the little nitwit has to brush it, Keller thought. It’s so fine that she couldn’t make two hairs tangle if she tried. â€Å"And I left my scarf† â€Å"Here it is.† Keller lassoed her. The scarf was ridiculous, crushed velvet in muted metallic colors, with a six-inch fringe. Purely decorative. Iliana choked as Keller wound it around a few times and pulled it tight â€Å"A little aggressive, Boss?† Winfrith asked, extricating Iliana before she could turn blue. â€Å"Worried about being late,† Keller said shortly. But she saw Nissa eyeing her, too. Galen was the last to come out of the house. He was pale and serious-that much Keller saw before she shifted her eyes past him. Iliana’s mother actually remained standing at the door with the baby in her arms. â€Å"Say bye-bye to your sister’s friends. Bye-bye.† â€Å"Kee-kee,† the baby said. â€Å"Kee-kee!† â€Å"Wave to him,† Winfrith stage-whispered. Keller gritted her teeth. She half-waved, keeping her senses opened for any sound of an impending attack. The baby held out his arms toward her. â€Å"Pui!† â€Å"Let’s get out of here.† Keller almost shoved Iliana into the backseat. Nissa took the wheel, and Galen sat up front with her. Winnie ran around to get in the back on the other side of Iliana. As they pulled out, Keller saw the outside of the house for the first time. It was a nice house-white clapboard, two and a half stories, Colonial Revival. The street was nice, too, lined with dogwoods that would be a mass of white when they bloomed. The sort of street where people sat outside on their rockers in spring and somebody was bound to have a stand of bees in the side yard making sourwood honey. Although Keller had been all over the United States, sent from one Circle Daybreak group to another, the hospital where she’d been found had been near a neighborhood like this. I might have grown up someplace like this. If they’d kept me. My parents†¦ Do I hate her? Keller wondered suddenly. I couldn’t. It’s not her fault. Oh, no, of course not, the voice in her mind said. Not her fault that she’s beautiful and perfect and has parents who love her and blue fire in her veins and that she is going to be forced, whether she wants it or not, to marry Galen†¦ Which I don’t care about, Keller thought. She was shocked at herself. When had she ever let emotion interfere with her job? She was allowing herself to be distracted-she had allowed herself to be distracted all morning-when there was something vitally important at stake. No more, she told herself fiercely. From now on, I think about nothing but the mission. Years of mental discipline came in handy now; she was able to push everything to the side and focus with icy clarity on what had to be done. â€Å"-stopped a train in its tracks,† Winfrith was saying. â€Å"Really?† There was faint interest in Kiana’s voice. At least she’d stopped talking about her hair, Keller thought. â€Å"Really. It was one of those BART trains in San Francisco, Like a subway train, you know. The two girls were on the tracks, and the Wild Power stopped the train dead before it could hit them. That’s what the blue fire can do.† â€Å"Well, I know I can’t do anything like that,† Iliana said flatly. â€Å"So I can’t be a Wild Power. Or whatever.† The last words were tacked on quickly. Nissa raised a cool eyebrow. â€Å"Have you ever tried to stop a train?† While Iliana bit a fingertip and pondered that, Winnie said, â€Å"You have to do it right, you know. First, you have to make blood flow, and then you have to concentrate. It’s not something you can expect to do perfectly the very first time.† â€Å"If you want to start practicing,† Nissa added, â€Å"we can help.† Diana shuddered. â€Å"No, thank you. I faint when I see blood. And anyway, I’m not it.† â€Å"Too bad,† Nissa murmured. â€Å"We could use the blue fire on our side today.† They were pulling up to a charming old brown brick high school. Neither Galen nor Keller had said a word throughout the ride. But now Keller leaned forward. â€Å"Nissa, drive past it. I want to check the layout first.† Nissa swung the car into a circular driveway that went past the school’s oversized front doors. Keller looked right and left, taking in everything about the surroundings. She could see Winnie doing the same thing-and Galen, too. He was focusing on the same danger spots she was. You read "Night World : Witchlight Chapter 8" in category "Essay examples" He had the instinct for strategy. â€Å"Go around the block and circle back,† Keller said. Iliana stirred. â€Å"I thought you were worried about me being late.† â€Å"I’m more worried about you being dead,† Keller interrupted. â€Å"What do you think, Nissa?† â€Å"The side door on the west. Easy to pull up reasonably close, no bushes around it for nasty surprises to hide in.† â€Å"That’s my pick, too. Okay, everybody, listen. Nissa’s going to slow the car down in the right place. Slow down, not stop. When I give the signal, we’re all going to jump out and go directly to that door. We are not going to pause. We are going to move as a group. Iliana, are you paying attention? From now on, you don’t go anywhere unless Winnie’s in front of you and I’m beside you.† â€Å"And where’s Galen?† Iliana said. Keller cursed herself mentally. She wasn’t used to working with a fourth team member. â€Å"Hell be behind us-okay, Galen?† She made herself look his way. â€Å"Yes. Whatever you say.† There wasn’t the slightest hint of sarcasm in his face. He was dead serious. Absolutely miserable, earnest, and dead serious. â€Å"And Nissa, once you’ve parked, you join us and take the other side. What room’s your first class in, Iliana?† â€Å"Three twenty-six,† Iliana said dismally. â€Å"U.S. History with Mr. Wanamaker. He went to New York to try to be an actor, but all he got was some disease from not eating enough stuff with vitamins. So he came back, and now he’s really strict unless you can get him to do his impressions of the presidents-â€Å" â€Å"All right,† Keller broke in. â€Å"We’re coming to the door.† â€Å"-and he’s actually pretty funny when he does Theodore Roosevelt-or do I mean the other one-â€Å" â€Å"Now,† Keller said, and pushed her as Winnie pulled. They all made it out smoothly, although Iliana yelped a little. Keller kept a good grip on her arm as they hurried to the door. â€Å"I don’t think I like this way of coming to school.† â€Å"We can turn right around and go back home,† Keller said. Iliana shut up. Galen kept pace behind them, silent and focused. It was Nissa’s usual position when the team wasn’t heading for a car, and Keller couldn’t help feeling the difference. She didn’t like having someone behind her she couldn’t trust absolutely. And although the enemies didn’t seem to know yet that Galen was important, if they found out, he’d become a target; Face it, she thought. This setup is a disaster, security-wise. This is a horrendous accident waiting to happen. Her nerves were wound so tightly that she jumped at the slightest sound. They shepherded Iliana to her locker, then up a staircase to the third floor. The halls were almost empty, which was exactly as Keller had planned it. But of course that meant they were late for class. Nissa slid in beside them just as they opened the door. They entered as a group, and the teacher stopped talking and looked at them. So did everybody else in the room. Quite a few jaws dropped open. Keller allowed herself a grim inner smile. Yeah, they were probably a bit of a shock for a small town. Four Night People-well, former Night People, anyway. A witch who was almost as small as Iliana, with a mop of vivid strawberry-blond curls and a face like a pixie on holiday. A vampire girl who looked like cool perfection straight out of a magazine, with cropped mink-colored hair and a strangely penetrating gaze. A shapeshifter boy who could have taken the place of any prince in a book of fairy tales, with hair like old gold and classically sculptured features. And, of course, a panther. Which happened to be walking on two feet at the moment, in the guise of a tall girl with a tense, wary expression and black hair that swirled witchlike around her. And, of course, there was Iliana in the midst of them, looking like a ballet dancer who had blundered in from the Nutcracker Suite. There was a silence as the two groups stared at each other. Then the teacher snapped shut his book and advanced on them. Keller held herself ready. He had a neatly trimmed beard and a dangerous expression. It was Iliana who took him on, though. She stepped forward before Keller could draw a breath to speak. â€Å"Mr. Wanamaker! These are my cousins! Well- some of them are my cousins. They’re from†¦California. Hollywood! They’re here to†¦ do research for . . â€Å".† â€Å"We’re really just visiting,† Keller cut in. â€Å"A new show about a high school. Not like that other show. It’s more of a reality-based-â€Å" ‘It’s just a visit,† Keller said. â€Å"But your dad is a famous producer,† Iliana said. She added in an undertone to Mr. Wanamaker, â€Å"You know, like that other producer.† All eyes, including the teacher’s, fixed on Keller. â€Å"Yes-that’s right,† Keller said, and smiled while clenching her teeth. â€Å"But we’re still just visiting.† She nudged Winnie with her elbow, but it wasn’t necessary. Winnie was already staring at the teacher, brainwashing him with witch power. Mr. Wanamaker bunked. He weighed the book he was holding as if he were Hamlet holding Yorick’s skull. He looked at it, then he looked at Winnie and blinked again. Then he shrugged and looked at the ceiling. â€Å"Okay. Whatever. Sit down. There are some chairs at the back. And I’m still marking you tardy.† But Keller noticed that as he returned to his desk, his posture was very erect. She did the best she could to glare at Iliana without drawing any further attention to them. â€Å"A famous producer?† she whispered through her teeth. â€Å"I don’t know. It was more interesting than just saying you’re friends.† You don’t need life to get any more interesting, Bubblebrain, Keller thought, but she didn’t say anything. She found one thing out that surprised her, though, and she found it out quickly. Her job was made harder by the fact that everyone at the school was in love with Iliana. It was strange. Keller was used to getting attention from guys-and ignoring it. And Nissa and Winnie both were the type that had to beat them off with sticks. But here, although the guys looked at her and Nissa and Winnie, their eyes always seemed to return to Iliana. At break, they crowded around her like bees around a flower. And not just guys, either. Girls, too. Everyone seemed to have something to say to her or just wanted to see her smile. It was a bodyguard’s nightmare. What do they see in her? Keller thought, frustrated almost beyond endurance as she tried to edge Iliana away from the crowd. I mean, aside from the obvious. But if all this is about her looks†¦ It wasn’t. It didn’t seem to be. They weren’t all hitting on her for dates. â€Å"Hey, Iliana, my granddaddy loved that get well card you made.† â€Å"Illie, are you going to tie the ribbons this year for the Christmas benefit bears? Nobody else can make those teeny-weeny bows.† â€Å"Oh, Iliana, something awful! Bugsy had five puppies, and Mom says we can’t keep them. We’ve got to find them all homes.† â€Å"Iliana, I need help-† â€Å"Wait, Iliana, I have to ask you-† Okay, but why come to her? Keller thought as she finally managed to detach the girl from her fan club and steer her into the hall. I mean, she can hardly be the best problem solver in this school, can she? There was one guy who seemed to like Iliana for the obvious. Keller disliked him on sight. He was good-looking in a carefully manicured way, with deep chestnut hair, deep blue eyes, and very white teeth. He was wearing expensive clothes, and he smiled a lot, but only at Iliana. â€Å"Brett,† Iliana said as he accosted them in the hall. Brett Ashton-Hughes. One of the rich twins who were having the birthday party on Saturday night Keller disliked him even more, especially when he gave her a coolly appreciative once-over before returning his attention to Iliana. â€Å"Hey, blondie. You still coming Saturday?† Iliana giggled. Keller stifled the urge to hit something. â€Å"Of course, I’ll be there. I wouldn’t miss it.† â€Å"Because, you know, it would kill Jaime if you didn’t come. We’re only inviting a few people, and well have the whole west wing to ourselves. We can even dance in the ballroom.† Diana’s eyes went dreamy. â€Å"That sounds so romantic. I always wanted to dance in a real old-fashioned ballroom. I’ll feel just like Scarlett O’Hara.† No, Keller thought. No, no, no. No way is she going there. She’s going to the Solstice Ceremony, where the shapeshifters and the witches are meeting, even if I have to drag her by the hair. She caught Nissa’s eye and saw that Nissa was thinking the same. Galen and Winnie were simply watching Brett with troubled looks on their faces. â€Å"Yeah, and I can be Brett Butler,† Brett was saying. â€Å"Plus, the indoor swimming pool will be heated. So if you get tired of being Scarlett, you can be a mermaid for a while.† â€Å"It sounds wonderful! Tell Jaime I said so.† Winnie bit her lip. Keller got a fresh grip on Diana’s arm and started guiding her away. â€Å"So it’s a promise, right?† Brett called after her. Keller squeezed. â€Å"Yes, but-oh.† Iliana managed to smile and wince at the same time, her arm limp in Keller’s grasp. â€Å"Oh, Brett, there’s one thing. I’ve got my cousin and her friends staying with me.† Brett hesitated an instant, giving each girl on Keller’s team the appraising look. Then he shrugged and flashed a smile. â€Å"Hey, no problem. Bring them all. Your friends are our friends.† â€Å"That wasn’t what I was trying to tell you,† Keller said when they were away from Brett. Iliana was rubbing her arm with an aggrieved expression. â€Å"Then what? I thought it would be fun for you to go.† â€Å"What do you mean, ‘then what’? You’re going to the Solstice Ceremony that night, so you shouldn’t have promised him.† â€Å"I am not going to the Solstice Ceremony that night, because I’m not the one you’re looking for.† It wasn’t the time to argue. Keller kept her moving down the hall. Keller wasn’t happy. Her nerves were all prickling, and she felt like a cat with its fur standing on end. Very soon, Iliana wasn’t happy, either. ‘I always eat lunch in the cafeteria!† â€Å"Not today,† Keller said, knowing she sounded as brusque and tired as she felt. â€Å"We can’t risk it You’ve got to be in a room, alone, someplace where we can control acce ss to you.† â€Å"The music room,† Winnie said helpfully. â€Å"I saw it on the map and asked a girl about it in English class. It’s open during lunch, and there’s only one door.† â€Å"I don’t want to-â€Å" â€Å"You don’t have a choice!† Iliana sulked in the music room. The problem was that she wasn’t very good at sulking, and you could only tell she was doing it because when she offered her cookies to Nissa, she only insisted once. Keller paced nervously in the hallway in front of the door. She could hear Winnie and Galen inside talking. Even Galen’s voice sounded white-faced and strained. Something’s wrong†¦ I’ve had a bad feeling ever since we got to this school†¦ and it isn’t any easier having him around. Part of her was worried that he might take this opportunity to come and try to talk to her. And part of her, a very deep inside part, was furious because he wasn’t doing it. Goddess! I’ve got to get my mind clear. Every second that I’m not in control of my emotions means an opportunity for them. She was so absorbed in yelling at herself that she almost missed the girl walking past her. Keller was almost at the end of the hall, and she had to do a double-take to realize that somebody had just calmly slipped by. â€Å"Hey, wait,† she said to the girl’s back. The girl was medium-sized and had hair the soft brown of oak leaves, slightly longer than shoulder-length. She was walking fast She didn’t stop. â€Å"Wait! I’m talking to you, girl! That door is off limits.† The girl didn’t turn, didn’t even pause. She was almost at the door to the music room. â€Å"Stop right there! Or you’re going to get hurt!† Not even a hesitation in the girl’s step. She turned into the door. A thousand red alerts went off in Keller’s head. How to cite Night World : Witchlight Chapter 8, Essay examples

Mastery of Nasogastric Tube Insertion †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Mastery of Nasogastric Tube Insertion. Answer: Introduction: Australia is a multicultural nation where meeting health care needs and safety of people is a critical responsibility of the health care system. The performance and standards of nursing care is regulated in Australia by the NMBA and the ANMF. The report gives insight into the role of NMBA and ANMF in improving nursing practice and making care safe, affordable and accessible to people. It also gives idea about different registration standards that nurses or midwives must adhere to prevent cancellation of registration. This includes recency of practice, criminal history, continuous professional development management, professional indemnity, English language and Enrolled Nurse Standards for Practice. As nurse are often faced with several dilemma during the clinical practice, the decision making framework has also been provided by NMBA to support nurses to identify the best action needed in specific scenario. The decision making framework has also been used in relation to a scenario to decide the best strategy that nurse can take to engage in decision making during their placement. Function of NMBA: The Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia (NMBA) is the regulatory board established in each state and territory of Australia to carry out all work set up by the Health Practitioner Regulation National Law. It mainly deals with establishing regulatory, ethical, legal and professional practice standards for nurse and midwives and promote the health and safety of patient. It also plays key role in registering nursing and midwifery students, handling discipline hearing and approving accreditation standards for nurses (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia About, 2017). Function of ANMF: The Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation is a strong union of nurses and midwives that believes in improving the professional and industrial status of its member. They stand up for all Australians to provide universal healthcare and high quality patient care. It members work in every health setting such as nursing home, hospital, GP clinic and community health practice in rural and urban Australia. They strive to provide good quality affordable and accessible care to every Australians. Currently, it is the largest union in Australia with about 2, 59, 000 members (Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation, 2017). Registration standard: Continuous Professional Development: The NMBA registration standard for continuous professional development provides guidance to EN, RN and midwives regarding the minimum requirement for CPD. The first requirement to meet registration is standard is to complete minimum 20 hours of CPD. However, for nurses who hole an endorsement or those who are nurse practitioner, they need to complete additional 10 hours of CPD apart from the minimum 20 hours. In addition, the additional 10 hours of CPD is also applicable for midwives who hold an endorsement (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Continuing professional development, 2017). As I am going to register as a nurse soon, this registration standard is important for my preparedness and knowing the time needed for me to engage in continuous professional development. Registration standard: Criminal history To develop suitable and safe practice environment within health care organization in Australia, the NMBA sets out standard to check applicants criminal history during the registration process. All nurses and midwives must inform NMBA if They are charged with an offence that is punishable by 12 months imprisonment They are convicted or found guilty of an offence The NMBA also considers the following regarding criminal history of applicants: Nature and gravity of offence and its impact on health care practice Time elapsed since the offence and records of guilty or conviction due to the offence Type of sentence imposed for the offence and age of health practitioner at the time of offence Changes in health practitioners behavior since the offence and chances of risk to patient from the nurse or midwives Explanation given by the applicant regarding their criminal history (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Criminal history, 2017). The knowledge about criminal history is relevant to my professional practice as I am going to register for nursing practice soon and I must be aware of disclosing this information if applicable to ensure that the registration process is smooth. Registration standard: English language NMBA focus a lot on English language competency skills of nurses and midwives. They need to demonstrate their English language competence by showing: English as primary language by studying it for at least six years of primary and secondary education OR Getting relevant professional communication in English in one of the recognized countries OR All registered nurse, EN and midwives need to provide proof of completing 5 years of education in English OR Candidates must achieve minimum score in language test like IELTS, OET or PTE Academic (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - English language skills, 2017). Registration standard: Professional indemnity: The NMBA minimum requirement for professional indemnity insurance (PII) for nurse, EN and RN defines the following: All nurse/midwife must cover their own or third party professional indemnity arrangement management for aspects of practice, location or working part time or full-time The PII cove must include civil liability, retroactive cover and Candidate must not practice if any practice area is excluded from PII Individual PII arrangement must also be in place to cover any practice (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional indemnity insurance arrangements 2017). Knowledge about PII arrangement is essential for me as it will me to secure and get certain PII coverage. Registration standard: Recency of practice NMBA has defined the criteria for nurse and midwife to maintain recency of practice. Meeting the minimum requirements for recency is necessary not just to fulfill professional and ethical responsibilities in care, but it is also necessary to maintain limits of competence and provide safe and effective care. The recency requirements can be fulfilled by nurses and midwives by demonstrating completion of minimum 450 hours of practice in the past 5 years or successful completion of NMBA approved assessment. Another option is successful completion of supervised practice (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Recency of practice, 2017).The knowledge about this registration standard will be useful for me in the future to understand my criteria to fulfill recency requirements of NMBA. Enrolled Nurse Standards for practice: This standard provides a framework to assess the practice of Enrolled Nurse (EN). The key domain on the basis of which the practice of EN is evaluated includes professional and collaborative practice, provisions of care and reflective and analytical practice. The key standards in professional and collaborative practice include: EN must practice accordance with law, policies and procedures They must ensure confidentiality, dignity, rights and respect of patient during care They must be accountable for their action Major standards in the domain of provisions of care include: Interpretation of health care information from range of sources to plan care Collaboration with RN and other members of the team during care planning Involving patients in care decision making and providing efficient and timely care Documents and reports care to relevant members The reflective and analytical practice standards for EN are: Provide evidence-based nursing care Engages in continuous professional development Practice according to safety and quality improvement standards (Standards for practice: Enrolled nurses (2017) Part B: Written analysis of scenario: After placement in clinical practice, nurses often encounter challenges where decision making becomes a difficult process. Similar challenge was also faced by me when I started my new position as a Graduate Enrolled Nurse in a major metropolitan hospital. I was asked to replace a blocked nasogastric tube. However, the dilemma for me was that although I never learnt about the skills and knowledge required for inserting and replacing nasogastric tube. The immediate action for me in this scenario would be to consult my senior nurse and make them aware that I do not have practical knowledge in conducting nasogastric intubation for patients and doing it without any supervision might lead to error or hazardous outcome for patient. Hence, consulting other health care team or seeking supervision from senior members is the most appropriate action that I need to take in such scenario. This action is also professionally allowed because according to the NMBA decision making framework, it is nece ssary that nurse be accountable for making professional judgment. According to this criteria, it is critical that nurses assess their education preparedness, experience and confidence to perform any activity safely (National decision-making framework, 2017). I also did similar assessment and identified that nasogastric intubation was outside my capacity of practice. Hence, I decide to start consultation with other members of the health care team according to the decision making framework. To safely perform the activity of replacing and inserting blocked nasogastric tube, I have identified that I need learning or supervision in the following areas: Firstly, I need to consult my seniors regarding the medical equipment and devices that I need to perform the nasogastric intubation. Secondly, the process of inserting nasogastric tube is a skilful activity where nurses must have knowledge about appropriate insertion technique and proper position of patients. I need to learn these techniques too. There are certain techniques for easier insertion of the tube too which needs to be learned by me. The most critical learning need is the method of replacing the blocked tube without causing discomfort to patient. The challenges in the process of removing nasogastric tube is also reduced of patients cooperate and understand the process of intubation (Cason et al., 2015). Hence, communicating with patient will also enable completing the activity safely. The above scenario makes it necessary for me to seek educational opportunities to learn about nasogastric tube intubation. Engaging in learning activity to enhance my competence in nasogastric intubation is also important for me to continuous evolved in my professional practice and gain the confidence to do the same task in the future. This action is also professional important for me because according to the NBMA registration standard, it is necessary for nurses and midwives to maintain a minimum hours of continuous professional development to renew their registration as a nurse. Hence, the opportunity of learning nasogastric intubation will add up to my CPD period and enable me to learn and grow as a confident nurse in the future. Conclusion: From thee summary of different registration standards for nurses, midwives or EN and the response of nurse during complex decision making, it is understood that different NMBA standards are there to support nurse to enhance and promote safe nursing practice. The decision making framework is also useful for nurses as it provides adequate step that nurses can use to be accountable and responsible while providing care to patients. Reference Australian Nursing Midwifery Federation. (2017).Anmf.org.au. Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://anmf.org.au/pages/about-the-anmf Cason, M. L., Gilbert, G. E., Schmoll, H. H., Dolinar, S. M., Anderson, J., Nickles, B. M., ... Schaefer, J. J. (2015). Cooperative learning using simulation to achieve mastery of nasogastric tube insertion.Journal of Nursing Education. National decision-making framework. (2017). Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://file:///C:/Users/User00/Downloads/Nursing-and-Midwifery-Board---Codes-and-Guidelines---National-framework-for-decision-making---September-2007%20(1).PDF Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - About. (2017).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/About.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Continuing professional development. (2017).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards/Continuing-professional-development.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Criminal history. (2017).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards/Criminal-history.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - English language skills. (2017).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards/English-language-skills.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional indemnity insurance arrangements. (2017).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards/Professional-indemnity-insurance-arrangements.aspx Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Recency of practice. (2017).Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Registration-Standards/Recency-of-practice.aspx Standards for practice: Enrolled nurses. (2017). Retrieved 5 November 2017, from https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements/FAQ/Enrolled-nurse-standards-for-practice.aspx